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### 1. MySQL多实例安装
##### 1. 安装MySQL需要的依赖包
```bash
bash-4.3 ~# yum -y install ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake
bash-4.3 ~# rpm -qa ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
ncurses-devel-5.7-4.20090207.el6.x86_64
cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.x86_64
```
##### 2. 开始安装MySQL(5.6/30)
 - 2.1 创建用户和组

```bash
bash-4.3 ~# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
```
 - 2.2 安装MySQL

```bash
bash-4.3 ~# cd /usr/local/src
bash-4.3 src# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
bash-4.3 src# tar zxf mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
bash-4.3 src# cd mysql-5.6.30
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6 \        <- MySQL安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6/data \                                         <- MySQL数据存放路径
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6/tmp/mysql.sock \                             <- MySQL socke路径
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \                                                            <- MySQL 字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH-BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGING=1 \
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFIL=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
----------------------------------------------------
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# echo $?
0
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# make && make install
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# echo $?
0
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6/ /usr/local/mysql
```

- 2.3 创建MySQL多实例的数据文件目录(3306, 3307)

```bash
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# tree /data
/data
├── 3306            <- 3306实例的目录
│   └── data        <- 3306实例的数据文件目录
├── 3307            <- 3307实例的目录
│   └── data        <- 3307实例的数据文件目录
```

- 2.4 创建数据库(3306, 3307)配置文件

```bash
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# vim /data/3306/my.cnf
[client]
prot    = 3306
socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]                                <- 服务端配置文件
user    = mysql                         <- mysql启动用户
port    = 3306                          <- 监听端口号
socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock         <- 指定sock路径
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6          <- 数据库安装路径
datadir = /data/3306/data               <- 数据存放目录
open_files_limit    = 1024
back_log    = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors  = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking    = FALSE
max_allowed_packet  = 8M
sort_buffer_size    = 1M
join_buffer_size    = 1M
thread_cache_size   = 100
thread_concurrency  = 2
query_cache_size    = 2M
query_cache_limit   = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit    = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack        = 192K
#transaction_isolation  = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size      = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time     = 1
log-error          = /data/3306/error.log
slow-query-log-file   = /data/3306/slow.log
pid-file            = /data/3306/mysql.pid
log-bin             = /data/3306/mysql-bin
relay-log           = /data/3306/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size   = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size   = 1M
max_binlog_size     = 2M
expire_logs_days    = 7
key_buffer_size     = 16M
read_buffer_size    = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size    = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size    = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size    = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size    = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads  = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names  = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors   = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
server-id           = 1
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size     = 4M
#innodb_buffer_pool_size             = 23M
#innodb_data_file_path               = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
#innodb_file_io_threads              = 4
#innodb_thread_concurrency           = 8
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit      = 2
#innodb_log_buffer_size              = 2M
#innodb_log_file_size                = 4M
#innodb_log_files_in_group           = 3
#innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct          = 90
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout            = 120
#innodb_file_per_table               = 0

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet                  = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error   = /data/3306/mysql_90root3306.err
pid-file    = /data/3306/mysql.pid

bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# vim /data/3307/my.cnf
[client]
prot    = 3307
socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3307
socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit    = 1024
back_log    = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors  = 3000
#table_cache = 614
external-locking    = FALSE
max_allowed_packet  = 8M
sort_buffer_size    = 1M
join_buffer_size    = 1M
thread_cache_size   = 100
thread_concurrency  = 2
query_cache_size    = 2M
query_cache_limit   = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit    = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack        = 192K
#transaction_isolation  = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size      = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time     = 1
log-error           = /data/3307/error.log
slow-query-log-file   = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file            = /data/3307/mysql.pid
log-bin             = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log           = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size   = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size   = 1M
max_binlog_size     = 2M
expire_logs_days    = 7
key_buffer_size     = 16M
read_buffer_size    = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size    = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size    = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size    = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size    = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads  = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names  = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors   = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
server-id           = 2
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size     = 4M
#innodb_buffer_pool_size             = 23M
#innodb_data_file_path               = ibdata1:1200M:autoextend
#innodb_file_io_threads              = 4
#innodb_thread_concurrency           = 8
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit      = 2
#innodb_log_buffer_size              = 2M
#innodb_log_file_size                = 200M
#innodb_log_files_in_group           = 3
#innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct          = 90
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout            = 120
#innodb_file_per_table               = 0

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet                  = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error   = /data/3307/mysql_90root3307.err
pid-file    = /data/3307/mysql.pid
```

- 2.5 多实例启动和停止命令

```bash
### 启动命令
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
### 停止命令
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock shutdown
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p -S /data/3307/mysql.sock shutdown
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/      <- 更改/data目录权限
```

- 2.6 配置MySQL命令全局使用路径

```bash
### 以下两种方法都可以
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# source /etc/profile
```

- 2.7 初始化数据库

```bash
bash-4.3 mysql-5.6.30# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
bash-4.3 scripts# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/ --user=mysql
bash-4.3 scripts# echo $?
0
bash-4.3 scripts# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/ --user=mysql
bash-4.3 scripts# echo $?
0
bash-4.3 scripts# netstat -anpt|grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1341/mysqld
tcp        0      0 :::3307                     :::*                        LISTEN      13637/mysqld 
```

- 2.8 进入mysql(3306,3307)数据库

```bash
bash-4.3 scripts# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

```bash
bash-4.3 scripts# vim /data/3306/mysql
#!/bin/bash
#about:90root
#date: 20160720

# init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
CmdPath="/usr/local/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"

# Startup function
function_start_mysql(){
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
        printf "Starting MySQL... \n"
        /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    else
        printf "MySQL is running...\n"
        exit
    fi
}

# Stop function
function_stop_mysql(){
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
        printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
        exit
    else
        printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
        ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p ${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
    fi
}

# Restart function
function_restart_mysql(){
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
    ;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
    ;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
    ;;
*)
    echo "/data/${port}/mysql {start|restart|stop}"
    ;;
esac
bash-4.3 scripts# vim /data/3306/mysql
#!/bin/bash
#about:90root
#date: 20160720

# init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
CmdPath="/usr/local/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"

# Restart function
function_restart_mysql(){
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
    ;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
    ;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
    ;;
*)
    echo "/data/${port}/mysql {start|restart|stop}"
    ;;
esac
```
![](https://www.90root.com/zb_users/upload/2019/09/201909052321077231722.jpg)

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